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-A. S-STSTBHivdC 



DOG TRAINING 







COMPLETE MEDICAL GUIDE, 



WILLIAM E. STERLING. 



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_IIE AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY, 

Publishers' Agents, 

NEW YORK, 

FOR SALE BY ALL NEWSDEALERS. 



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Jefferson Medical College, 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
W. E. .Sterling, Esq., : 

I take great pleasure in adding my approval to the system of 
treatment recommended in your Medical Work on the Diseases of 
Dogs. Very Truly, 

J. D. WRIGHT, 

Resident Physician, 



Office of W. F, Simes & Son, 

Wholesale Druggists and < Iiomists, 

1102 Market Street, Philadelphia 
Dear Sir— We have carefully examined the remedies prescribed in 
your Medical Work (in Dogs, and find them admirably adapted totli 
various diseases mentioned. In no instance could we suggest any im- 
provement in the formulje, and cheerfully endorse your method of 
treatment. Very truly, 

WILLIAM F. SIMES & SON. 



PREFACE. 



Dog training will be found, by every owner and lover of a dog, a 
subject of interest and of pleasure. It not only develops the intellect 
of this noble animal, thus adding greatly to his value as a pet or com- 
panion, but will be found a source of much innocent amusement in the 
household. The instructions contained in this work will be found 
ample and practical, and it is hoped humane. The medical portion 
will also be found as thorough as is possible within the limits, and will 
enable any intelligent person to judge, and relieve their canine friends 
from the many "ills that dog flesh is heir to." The materials have 
been drawn from the most authentic sources, arranged with great care, 
and modified when necessary with strict reference to this time and 
country. 

To an experience of twenty-five years is also added the valued 
supervision and approval of Professor J. D. Wright, of the Jefferson 
Medical College, of Philadelphia, whose high rank as a physician, no 
less than his known admiration for the faithful dog, renders it of 
peculiar value. 

To avoid a continual reference to authorities throughout the work, 
a general acknowledgment is made to the larger and valued works of 
"Youatt, " "Stonehenge," "Hill," &c., works that are earnestly 
recommended to those that have the leisure and inclination for a more 
expensive work. 



Copyrighted by 
V. •; ST KB LING, 



THE DOGS OF THE HOUSEHOLD. 

THE CHARACTER OF THE "DOG. 

"The Dog," says Youatt, "is the only animal that is capable of 
disinterested affection, ranking next to the human being in the scale of 
intelligence. He is the only animal that regards man as his companion, 
and follows him as his friend; the only one that seems to possess a 
natural desire to be useful to him, or from a spontaneous impulse 
attaches himself to his person. We take the bridle from the mouth of 
the horse, and turn him free into the pasture, and he testifies his joy at 
his partially recovered liberty. We exact from the dog the service that 
is required of him, and he still follows us to our homes. Many an 
expressive action tells us how much he is pleased and thankful; he 
shares in our abundance, and he is content with the scantiest and most 
humble fare; he loves us while living, and has been known to pine 
away and die on the grave of his master. 

From the earliest known history he was the protector of man's 
habitation in every age, and almost in every part of the globe he has 
played a principal part in the labors, the dangers, and the "pleasures of 
the chase. In every country, and in every time, there has existed 
between man and the dog a connection different .from that which is 
observed between him and any other animal. The ox and the sheep 
submit to our control, but they can rarely be said to love, or even to 
recognize us, except as connected with the supply of their wants, and 
readily change their affections to a new master. 

In many countries the dog ishighlyuseful as an animal of draught. 
What would become of the inhabitants of the Northern regions, if the 
dogs were not harnessed to tiie sledge? — oft-times traveling over the 
snowy wastes at a rate of nearly a hundred miles a day.' In New- 
foundland the timber is drawn to the water side by the docile but ill- 
used dog. "On the continent of Europe," says Dr. Lewis, "large 
mongrel dogs are extensively used in pulling small vehicles, adapted to 
various purposes ; in fact, most of the carts and wagons that enter 
Faris, or are employed in the city, have one of these animals attached 
to them by a short strap hanging from thcaxletree. This arrangement 
answers the double purpose of keeping off all intruders, in the tempo- 
rary absence of their master, and, by pushing himself forward in his 
collar, materially assists the horse in propelling a heavy load uphill, 
or of carrying one speedily over a plain surface.' Itisqui'te astonishing 
to see how well broken to the work these clogs are, and at the same 
time to witness with what vigor and perseverance they labor in pushing 
before them, in this way, enormous weights." 

In another and very important particular — as the preserver of 
human life— the history of the dog will be most interesting. Youatt 
speaks of a Newfoundland dog who, on five distinct occasions, pre- 
served the lift; of a human being; and a noble St. Bernard, whose 
remains constitute one of the most interesting specimens in the museum 
of Berne, had rescued over forty persons from impending danger. 

In regard to the origin of the dog much controversy has arisen 
between the highest authorities. Professor Bell, Cuvier, and many 
others, trace him to the wolf, while other equally eminent naturalists 
contend that a true and genuine dog was originally created among the 
1 ribe of animals. In discussing such a subject, it is evident at this time 
that direct proof on either side is unattainable, but the fact that while 
the wolf is confined to a limited portion of the globe, the true dog exists 



in every latitude and every climate, leads us to believe him a distinct 
animal. It may, however, be added that historians trace"back the dog to 
the very earliest period; and the fact that he then seemed to be as saga- 
cious, as faithful, and as valuable as at the present day, strongly favors 
the opinion that he descended from no inferior aiid comparatively 
worthless animal, but was originally created somewhat as we now find 
him, the associate and the friend of man. 

If, within the first thousand years after the deluge,we observe that 
divine honors were paid him, we can scarcely be brought to beiieve his 
wolfish geneology. 

The most savage animals are capable of affection for those to whom 
they have been accustomed, and by whom they have been well treated, 
but in no other animal do we find the qualities of the domestic dog, or 
the slightest approach to them. " To his master lie Hies with alacrity," 
says Boffon, "and submissively lays at his feetall his coinage, strength 
and talent. A glance of the eye is sufficient, for he understands the 
smallest indications of his will. Neither interest nor desire of revenge 
can corrupt him, and he lias no fear hut that of displeasing. He 
speedily forgets ill-usage, or only recollects it to make returning 
attachment the stronger. The training of the dog seems to have been 
the first art invented by man, and the fruit of that art was conquest 
and peaceable possession of the earth." 

If any of the lower animals bear about them the impress of the 
Divine hand, it is found in the dog. Different, and yet the same in 
every region, hej seems to be formed expressly to administer to our 
comfort and our pleasure. Other animals may be brought to display a 
certain amount of affection and gratitude. There was scarcely an 
animal in the menagerie of the Zoological Garden that did notacknow- 
ledge the superintei dent as his friend, but it was only a casual inter- 
course, and might be dissolved by a word or look. At the hour of the 
feeding the biute principle reigned supreme, and the companion of 
other hours would be sacrificed if he dared to interfere. But the 
connection between man and the dog no lapse of time, no change of 
circumstances, no infliction of evil, can dissolve. We must therefore 
look far beyond the wolf for the prototype of the dog. 

The dog belongs to the division of animals termed by naturalists 
Yertebkated, because it has a cranium or skull, and a spine or 
range of vertebra proceeding from it. It ranks under the class Mam- 
malia because it has teats, by which the female suckles her young; 
the tribe Unguictjlata, because its extremities are armed with nails; 
the order Digitigrades, because it walks principally on its toes or 
digits. The genus Canis has two tubercular teeth behind the large 
carnivorous tooth in the upper jaw ; and the sub germs familiar is, the 
dog, has the pupils of the eye circular, while those of the wolf are 
vblique, and those of the fox upright and long. 

It is probable that all dogs sprang from one common source, but 
climate, food and cross-breeding caused variations of form-, which 
suggested particular uses, and these being designedly or accidentally 
perpetuated, the various breeds of dogs thus arose, and they became 
numerous in proportion to the progress of civilization. Among the 
ruder or savage tribes they possess but one form. But the ingenuity 
of man has devised many inventions to increase his comfort. He has 
varied and multiplied the character and kind of domestic animals for 
the same purpose, and hence the various breeds of horses and cattle 
and dogs. The parent stock is now impossible to trace, but the wild 
dog wherever found, on the continent of Asia or Northern Europe, has 
nearly the same character and bears a strong resemblance to the 
British fox-dog, while many of those from the Southern Ocean can 
scarcely be distinguished from the English Lurcher. There is, how- 
ever, no more difficulty in this respect, with regard to the dog, than any 
other of our domestic animals. 

The most natural arrangement of all the varieties of the dog is 
according to the development of the frontal sinus and the cerebral 
cavity, or, in plainer terms, the power of scent and the degree of tntel- 



gence. This classification originated with M. F. Cuvier, and is 
allowed by Youatt, and by most naturalists, as being the most simple, 
itelligent and satisfactory. They reckon three divisions; and although 



licence. 
fo 

the first perusal might strike the reader as being rather scientific "in 
terms, a careful reperusal will appear much clearer. 

First. Those having the head more or less elongated, and the 
parietal bones of the scull widest at the base and gradually approach- 
ing towards each other as they ascend, the cond/yls of the lower jaw 
being in the same line with the upper molar teeth. The varieties 
belonging to this class include all the wild dogs, and also the 



Greyhound, 
Dalmatian, or Coach, 



Great Dane, 
Irish Wolf, Are. 



Second. The head moderately elongated, and the parietals diverg- 
ing from each other for a certain space, as they rise upon the side of 
the head, enlarging the cerebral cavity and the frontal sinus. This class 
includes the most valuable dogs, such as 



Shepherd Dog, 



Poodle, 



Setter, Fox Hound, 

Pointer, Blood Hound, 

Spaniel, Newfoundland, 

St. Bernard. 
Third. The muzzle more or less shortened, the frontal sinus 
enlarged, and the skull elevated and diminished in capacity. Included 
in this class are the 

Mastiff, Pug, 

Bull, Terrier, &c. 

In purchasing a dog, particular attention should be given to the 
animal's pedigree, which should be known for at least several genera- 
tions back. Do not judge by the appearance of a dog, as a mongrel 
cur may whelp a perfect-looking setter, who in turn might throw back 
a mongrel pup. If possible, buy of a recognized breeder, but avoid 
"dog dealers" if you would be on the safe side. The columns of The 
Forest %nd Stream, of New York, or The Field, of Chicago, always 
contain the addresses of a number of reliable and fair dealing kennel 
men, besides a large amount of valuable information necessary to 
every owner of a dog. 




PART I. 

DOG TRAINING. 

Few persons are aware how readily most animals, and especially 
the dog, may be taught a number of curious and even difficult tricks. 
If those ladies who applaud a dog performance, and think it so cun- 
ning, or those gentlemen who send their dogs to a "Professional 
Trainer " to be educated, only knew how easily they could do it them- 
selves, and even what ureal pleasure can he derived from the work, 
their canine pets would he saved a world of ill-usage and hard fare. 
While it is true that some of the most difficult feats, such as will he 
hereafter described, require considerahle skill and perseverance, the 
great majority of tricks can he taught in a very short time, and with 
surprisingly little trouble. Although some breeds of dogs, such as the 
collie and poodle, show a greater degree of intelligence than others, 
good, sensible dogs are found in almost every breed, even the pug. 

Dogs are taught upon the same principle that children are, the only 
difference being that you tell the child what you wish, the dog you both 
tell and shou\ repetition soon connecting the word with the action. A 
successful trainer should have brains, patience and kindness — patience 
and kindness he must have. Then, with the following instructions, he 
will get along famously. 

To begin with, it is supposed that the person undertaking the 
training of the dog has a regard or love for the animal, therefore, 
having the affection and confidence of the subject, which is a great and 
important step gained, as the dog stands preeminent among animals in 
its desire to obey us. 

If the pet is a pup of, say two or three months old, a rubber ball 
and string will he a valuable adjunct to commence with. Let the 
puppy, when in a playful mood, play with it in your hand. Then roll 
it on the floor; he will jump for it, at which you gently withdraw it; 
then repeat, allowing him to get hold of the ball, slightly shaking and 
letting him take it. "Pat him and use encouraging words, then try it 
over. In a few lessons, if rightly done, he will be anxious to secure 
the ball the moment you show it to him. In a short time you may roll 
the ball the length of the room, exclaiming, "Fetch it, Fido ! " — or 
whatever his name may be. Follow the puppy half way, and recover 
the ball; pat him, saying, "Good Fido! good little dog!" &c. Throw 
it again as before. Be sure and have a soft ball, and one with an air 
hole that will emit a hissing sound when squeezed. The puppy will 
soon take great delight in biting the ball to make it sound, and 
make him " just crazy for it." In a short time he will understand your 
desire to fetch it. Always end the short lesson by giving him the ball 
to play with by himself. 

As soon as you see the puppy tire, gently remove the ball until the 
next day; then repeat it as before. Always use the same words, and 
at all times speak familiarly to him. Of course he will not understand 
the words at first, hut he will soon understand your meaning, and in a 
short time will associate the words with it. For instance, you get his 
food ready; you say, "Come here, Fido." Now the puppy would come 
without heihg asked, seeing you with food; but you anticipate his ac- 
tions. "Come here, sir," you may make him follow you across the 
room, or into the yard with "Come along; come on." Then put the 
food down, saying, "Eat." Give him some milk, telling him to 
"Drink." You tell the pup to " come on," to " lie down," "get up," 



"come up stairs," "go down stairs," " keep quiet," &e., always using' 
your words when he is about doing the thing you tell him. Remember, 
you are not to correct him should he fail to obey; for at this age it is 
hot so much training as impressing his puppy mind that words have a 
value. The benefit will appear as he grows older. 

RULES FOR DOG TRAINING. 

A dog should be at least six months, and certainly not over a year 
old, to commence with. He should be practiced at a certain hour 
every morning, before his breakfast, that he may understand it as a ; 
task to be done. He should be fed immediately after, that he may soon 
learn to look upon it as a reward for doing that task. He should be 
alone with his trainer during the lesson, that he may concentrate his 
dog intellect upon the work in hand. He positively must not be struck a 
cruel blow during the training, or his attention will be drawn to the 
whip instead of the lesson. Use the whip to motion with. Remember, 
if you break the will of the pup by harsh treatment, which is as un- 
necessary as it is cruel, your dog will be useless. Train your pup 
without impairing his courage, or as a dog he will obey your commands 
in a crouching and creeping manner, an object of pity, and the master 
looked upon with disgust. 

Dogs' dispositions vary greatly. Some are timid, and need encour- 
agement; others are headstrong, and demand strict treatment, but 
never cruelty. On those very rare occasions when the whip is neces- 
sary, the dog must positively know he has done wrong, and be pun- 
ished at once. You may enforce a trick; but only after the trick is 
thoroughly known. 

There should be only one trainer, as the pup must learn your 
voice, your manner, your very look. 

The first few lessons may be blank failures. Master puppy may | 
lie down and refuse to get up. The chances are he is a very sensible 
dog; your preparations have impressed his mind, and he fears evil; he 
is on the alert, and awaits developments on the defensive, whereas a 
less wide-awake pup is too dumb to take in the situation. To strike 
your puppy at such a time would take months to overcome, and would ] 
be downright cruelty. The only course to pursue is to change your j 
tactics, and turn the lesson into a play. Simply romp with him for ten \ 
or fifteen minutes, and then feed him. In one or two mornings all his ) 
fears are dispelled, and he is ready to be handled. 

TO ANSWER TO HIS NAME. 

A dog will soon know his name by you always addressing him by 
it, especially at feeding time. You can occasionally during the day, 
when he is out of sight, call him by repeating his name distinctly sev- 
eral times, each time rewarding him with a little food and a friendly 
patting. If there are more than one dog, call each one by name as 
you feed him, repulsing any but the one called. Divide the food in 
small morsels for each, that every lesson may count. In the field you 
can call them frequently during a ramble, until each answers promptly. 

TO GIVE HIS PAW. 

This is very easily taught, and requires very little formality — in 
fact the pup may do it himself, and all you have to do is encourage 
him. If not, place the dog in front of you, extend your band toward 
his paw, saying, "Give your paw." Take it gently in your left hand 
and scratch it with your right; let it go, and repeat the action on his 
other foot, asking for his paw before you take it. After a few minutes 
you can keep repeating the request, pausing longer each time before 
you take it from the floor, to give him a chance to offer it or he will 
always expect you to lift it up for him. Should he refuse to give it 



after a few attempts, tap his foot gently with your whip or switch, as 
you extend your hand, that he may know your wish. lit* will soon 
respond. When he has learned his lesson well, you may add "right 
paw" and "left paw," laying extra stress upon the words right and 
left, and speaking distinctly. Should the dog offer the wrong paw, 
simply repeat your command until he gives the right one; then pat him, 
that he may know that he has done right. You may afterwards learn 
him to place his paw upon your knee, as you sit, proceeding as before. 

TO LIE DOWN. 

Call your dog to the wall, and pointing to the floor, exclaim, " Lie 
down, Fido! " motioning downward with your other hand. Repeat the 
"Lie down." You may then gently press him down into the desired 
position; give him to understand that is what you want; shake your 
finger at him if he attempts to rise, until you say, "Up." In a short 
time repeat the lesson, encouraging him meantime. Don't keep him 
down hut a few seconds at first; in fact, all lessons should be short ones 
at first, as dogs worry very much, and after ten or fifteen minutes he is 
apt to get confused. Avoid it always. After he will lie down at com- 
mand, you can learn him to sit upon his haunches. 

TO BEG. 

Place your dog in a corner; take both his front paws in your left 
hand; raise him up until he is on his haunches in the corner; hold your 
right forefinger or whip at him in command, saying, "Beg, sir." 
Gently withdraw your left hand. If he drops, hold him up" again, 
repeating, " Beg, sir; beg. " Withdraw your hand again, until he keeps 
the position; let him retain it a few seconds, when you reward him, «fcc. 

TO LEAP. 

This is a very simple trick, and easily taught. A lino or pole may 
be extended from any convenient supports, just so high that the dog 
cannot step over. Take your station on one side of this barrier, with a 
supply of bread or cracker. By the offer of a small piece, induce him 
to approach as near as possible to the line or pole, keeping the tidbit 
c'bse to his nose, but raised a trifle above it. Now, with a sudden 
movement extend your hand beyond the barrier, crying at the same 
moment "Hip!" or any other quick, inspiring exclamation. Eager to get 
the tempting morsel, he will leap over, and the same proceeding may he 
repealed once or twice, when he should be rewarded with the bait he 
has been striving for. After a few repetitions, he will probably leap 
over at a motion of the hand and the word of command. He should 
always be rewarded for obeying; and it is well to have a light switch 
with which to give him a gentle cut should he attempt to run under, 
which he should never be permitted to do. The heiglit of the barrier 
may be increased gradually from day to day, taking care never to over- 
task his powers. With practice, many dogs acquire the ability of 
making very creditable leaps. 

When the dog leaps readily over a bar, a hoop may be held in the 
hand, and the same system pursued. The hoop may lie gradually les- 
sened in size, until the dog finally leaps through one hardly bigger 
around than his own body; but to do this the trainer must display some 
skill in conforming the motions of the hoop to those of the dog as he 
passes through. 

TO JUMP THE POPE. 

After the dog has learned to leap at your command, a light rope 
may be substituted for the pole, one end of the rope being attached to 
some stationary object, while the other end is held in your hand. 
Exercise the dog a few times at leaping the rope while it is without 



motion and near the ground, using the command " Hip, or whatever 
one he has been trained to leap with, each time. Then give the rope a 
slight motion, and at the proper moment give the dog the usual com- 
mand, and he will obey it. By increasing the motion very gradually, 
he will, after many lessons, be«able to Jump the rope very creditably. 
He may be taught either to jump while standing on his lull complement 
of legs, or in the perpendicular fashion. 

TO WALK ERECT. 

Hold a hone, or other like temptation, a little above the dog's nose, 
but not so high as to lead him to jump to get it. As he reaches for it. 
raise it so as to induce him to rise up on his hind feet, saying as youd< 
so "Up! up!" When he reaches the proper standpoint, let him 
remain there a moment or two, and then let him have the hone. Soon 
he will stand up on your merely holding your hand in the position 
described, and saying, " Up! up! " Then he. may be taught to walk in 
this position by slowly moving the bone or your hand slightly n 
advance These exercises should not be tediously prolonged, especially 
at first for the position is an unnatural and very fatiguing one to tin 
animal After he thoroughly understands what is required of him, yor 
may cheek any attempt he may make to regain his natural positioi 
before you are willing by a gentle tap under the chin or under the ton 
paws. 

TO DAXCE. 

A dog is generally considered sufficiently accomplished in this 
" graceful and agreeable art"" when he has learned to hop around or 
his hind legs, and to keep turning completely around at short intervals 
There are several modes of arriving at this result, the most simple 01 
Which is probably to take a long switch, after the dog has earned t< 
stand erect, and to this switch attach a piece of meat. \\ ith this p>\ 
can trace out in the air, in tempting proximity to his nose, the figure 
vou wish him to make, and you may depend upon his instinct lead m 
him to follow the motions of the switch. This may seem rather Jai 
absurd plan for initiating your pupil into the mysteries of the ttal 
room but it is nevertheless one of the most effective that can i> 
■devised The dog should be rewarded with the meat after he By} 
a,.,.. <i annnoh to fairly earn it; and after a few lessons the swiVI 
may be used \vrfcout any bait attached. He will at first follow it 
motions in the hop, +hat there is something attached; and if he I* 
rewarded for doing so, m ivill soon comprehend that following tin 
switch means meat by-and-by. I!' h? is dressed vp in i>mimne appall 
as is generally done at* public exhibitions, the absurd figure he ci^ts 
and the ridiculous caricature of a lady "tripping the light fantafctr 
toe," which he presents, is extremely laughable. 

TO FETCH AND CARRY. 

This accomplishment may often be put to great practical use, air 
it is an excellent plan to teach all dogs which are large enough to be o 
any ervice in this manner, to carry baskets or parcels when accom 
parrying their masters. The mode of training is very simple, consistm 
of merely placing the article in the dog's mouth, and when he lets go c 
it give him a slight box on the ear, and replace the article in his m out 
Whatever is given him to carry should be of such a form as to be easi 
grasped by him without hurting his mouth or teeth. The weight shoiil 
at first be very light, and never more than he can easily carry. Mo:- 
dogs will take a real pleasure in carrying articles in this manner, an 
thev seem to feel the responsibility attached to their duty, tor tlie 
will carry their own or their master's dinner without attempting t 
appropriate any portion of it until the proper time, when their shai 
shall be given them. In teaching dogs to carry food, however, it 
necessary to take a little special pains to overcome their mstincuv 

10 



nclinations to oat it. A good plan is to place the article in a covered 
tesket, which they cannot open, and when the dog has learned to cany 
in ordinary parcel give him this. If he attempts to get at the food, 
which he readily detects by his sense of smell, box his ears. By-and-by 
eward him with the food, and then try him with a basket from which 
le can abstract the contents. If he tries to do so, punish him slightly, 
lever permitting him to steal the food. If a dog ever deserves a re- 
ward for well doing, he certainly does in this case; for it is too bad to 
;antalize him with the smell of some dainty, and then not to let him 
iually have something for his good conduct. 

To make a dog carry articles from one person to another, it is only 
necessary for two persons to take their position at some distance from 
jneanother. Onegives the dog some article, saying, "Go, sir." At the 
same time as'the first says this, let the other person call or whistle 
o the dog. Now let this one give the dog something, and let the other 
;all him, and so on, back and forth, until he will go from one to the 
ither at the command, "Go, sir." The distance between the parties 
.nay be increased from time to time, and the trick may be varied by 
jne of them hiding himself; this will teach the dog to hunt for the 
person to whom he is to deliver the article, which will prove useful 
when you, by-and-by, desire to send him on an actual errand to a 
listance. , , ,,..,. 

The extent to which any dog may be educated in this matter 
depends upon his natural intelligence and the skill and perseverance 
;>f his teacher. Many anecdotes are told of dogs going on errands. In 
some cases they go to the post-office for letters ; in other cases to the 
store for groceries, etc. ; and we recollect several instances cited where 
dogs would, on being given a piece of money, go to the baker's and 
purchase cake on their own account. The baker, in one of these in- 
stances, is said to have one day palmed a stale bun upon a dog who 
had been in the habit of coming to him regularly with pennies; and the 
animal, to show he was not to be imposed upon, transferred his custom 
to a rival establishment. In none of these accounts have we ever seen 
any mention of the dogs having been subjected to any special training, 
and it is more than likely that they never were. Animals, like men, 
are creatures of habit. If a man becomes accustomed to a certain 
routine, it is difficult to change. Many merchants retired from busi- 
ness continue to pay a daily visit to their old offices, their brokers or 
lawyers, just because not to do so would make them uncomfortable and 
restless. ' Soa dog, who has become used to accompanying his master on 
any regular round of duties, will often show that he understands where 
they are going by running ahead and stopping at the accustomed 
place. We call to mind a dog belonging to a gentleman residing some 
miles from this city, who will serve as an example of what we have 
stated, though probably all of our readers are familiar with instances 
equally, if not more, remarkable. The gentleman was accustomed to 
walk from his residence, some half mile, to take the morning train for 
the city, and to return by a particular train in the evening. The dog 
accompanied him to the cars in the morning, and would again meet 
him on the arrival of the train at night. It took him some weeks to 
learn when to expect his master, but after that he never made any 
mistakes. 

A writer in one of the magazines mentions a poodle who was m 
the habit of going to church with his master, and sitting with him in 
the pew during the whole service. Sometimes his owner did not come, 
but the poodle was always promptly in his place, remaining during the 
service, and departing with the rest of the congregation. One Sunday 
the dam at the head of the lake in the neighborhood gave way, and the 
whole road was inundated. The attendance at church that morning 
was restricted to a few individuals who came from near by. But by 
the time the clergyman had commenced, he saw our friend the poodle 
coming slowly up the aisle, dripping with water, having been obliged 
to swim a quarter of a mile to get there. 

It is not very difficult to teach a dog to go on errands. Suppose 

11 



you wish him to go to market for you of a morning. Take him wi 
you regularly for a few mornings, letting him carry the basket. In 
few days he will Understand, when you start, where it is you propo 
to go, and will perhaps run on ahead and arrive there some minut 
before you. It would be well on all occasions before starting to gi 
the command, "Go to market," winch will accustom him to it. 

We do not vouch for the truth of the story of the dog who, < 
being given — when purchasing one time on his own account, wi 
money given biro for that purpose — a piece of meat inferior to wh 
he considered his due, went and brought a policeman. 

TO BRING HIS TAIL IN HIS MOUTH. 

The dog having been taught to fetch and carry, an amusing app 
cation of this knowledge can be made by having him bring his ov 
tail in his mouth. This trick is exceedingly funny, and is alwa 
hailed with roars of laughter. The feat is rather difficult; for whi 
his tail is in his mouth the dog can only advance in something lii 




crab-fashion, or sideways, with an almost irresistible tendency to ; 
around in a circle, without getting ahead any. To attain success 
teaching this trick the dog must be gifted with a good deal of tail a; 
the trainer with a good deal of patience. Dogs will in play grasp tin 
tails, and most persons have noticed while frolicking with a dog, th 
if the dog's tail be taken hold of with one's hand, the dog will attem 
to seize the hand with his mouth, and if his tail be now dexterou!- 
placed in his way he will sieze that. This perhaps first suggested t 
idea of the trick, and this is the initial step of the training. " When t 
dog takes hold of his tail praise him, and after he has held it a lit 
while bid him "let go," and reward him. Should he relinquish 1 
hold before you order him to, speak sharply to him and commen 
again. When he has learned to retain hold of his tail until ordered 
relinquish it, the more difficult part of his lesson may be taught— t 

12 



ringing it to the trainer. The trainer at first takes his place a few 
et from the dog, in the direction in which the dog can most easily 
idvance, and calls the clog. Should he let go his tail to come, he is to 
e scolded and the tail replaced in his mouth. When he comes without 
Siting go he should be rewarded. Gradually the distance he is 
squired to come may be increased, but it would be cruel to make tins 
istance more than half a dozen yards. When the tail is placed in his 
louth, it is well to say, "Bring me your tail," to accustom him to the 
irder. By-and-by, when you give this order merely hold his tail for 
im to grasp, and at last let him seize it without any assistance from 
ou. 

TIIE ROLLING BALL. 

There are several modifications of this trick, or rather there are 
;veral feats all performed with this instrument — a globe of wood or 
;her material, some two feet in diameter. One of these feats consists 
1 the dog standing with his hind feet upon the ground, and resting 
is paws on the ball, pushing it forward or up and down an inclined 
lane. This is easily taught, and the only difficult part of the per- 
>rmance is the descent of the inclined plane, where the ball is apt to 
>11 away from the animal. To teach this trick it is only requisite to 
lace the dog's paws upon the ball and set it slowly in motion. As you 

this tap his hind legs gently from behind, to urge him to step for- 
ard. It may be necessary to hold him in position by the nape of the 
eck at first, but he shouhLverysoon learn to retain his position with- 
ut this aid. When he rolls the ball readily upon a level, substitute a 
ide plank slightly inclined, up which he should be required to roll the 
ill. Increase the inclination of the plank slightly with each lesson, 
at the descent should only be attempted after he has been thoroughly 
rilled in the preceding exercises. It will be necessary to commence 
ith a very slight inclination, and to promptly stop the ball should the 
ig begin to lose control of it. The width of the plank may be 
3creased eventually to some ten or twelve inches. 

To stand entirely upon the ball while it is in motion, and to propel 
backward and forward and up and down the inclined plane, starting 
id stopping it, as well as guiding its motions in the desired direction, 
a very difficult feat. In this the dog must be practiced in standing 
pon the ball while it has no motion. In several lessons in this, just 
ic barest possible motion is to be given to the ball, while a slight hold 
pon the dog's neck keeps in position. The motion may be slowly 
creased with each lesson, but the ball must for many lessons be held 
nnly with the hand to prevent it becoming unmanageable. When 
le dog becomes able to maintain his position, he may be required to 
anage the ball without any assistance. In all cases where he gets 
nvn from the ball, accidentally or wilfully, he should be spoken to 
larply, but the trainer should be equally prompt to praise and reward 

TO WALK ON" STILTS. 

The stilts used in this trick are about twelve or fifteen inches in 
ngth, made to fasten to the leu; just below the knee-joint with tape or 
fin flexible leather straps. When four are used there is no particular 
aining required to make the dog walk upon them, it being only no- 
■ssary to put him "on his pins" again whenever he upsets. The 
liable is sufficient punishment for his failures. Walking man-fashion 

1 only two stills is a much more difficult task, though it has been 
•complished in some cases. The dog should be first thoroughly taught 
ic walking erect trick; then stilts "may be put under his hind legs. 

cord attached to his collar and held in the trainer's hand will aid in 
amtaining the dog's balance until he becomes accustomed to his 
ivel position. Of course the dog cannot raise himself upon the stilts, 
.it must be placed erect by the trainer. The farther training is similar 
i (hid. described for teaching him to walk erect. A story is told of a 
I >g who actually found a wooden leg of practical use, one having been 
irnished him by a whimsical surgeon who had amputated an injured 
ub for him. 

13 



TO GO UP AND DOW:N A LADDER. 

In teaching this trick two ladders should he provided about si 
feet in length, and joined together at the top ends so as to form a 
angle when the other ends are placed on the ground. The bars of thed 
ladders should he flat, and sufficiently near together to enable the d< 
easily to step from one round to another. Standing at the side ol th 
ladder with a switch in your right hand, you whistle to the dog, or ca 
him by name, and tap the first round of the ladder with your switch, II 
indicate he is to step upon it. When he places his fore paws on th 
round, tap the next in the same manner, saying " Go on " to him. J 
he does not obey, tap his hind legs gently from behind, while you ej. 
courage him wiih your voice and snap your fingers in front of him 1 
urge him forward. A tidbit of some kind held in tempting proximil 
to his nose may have an encouraging effect. After ascending on 
ladder, he should be made to go down the other. He will ba inclind 
to jump to the ground in preference todescending step by step. Shou 
he do this he must be punished and made to commence over agaij 
When on the ladder, if he hesitates about proceeding, gently tap tl 
toes of the foot he should next advance. When two dogs have bet 
taught to go over the ladders, a race maybe arranged, the dog wl 
first goes over to be rewarded. The dogs will soon understand th: 
when they are both ordered to go over, speed is expected— the daiiv 
given to the winner will be an incentive to exertion. By making 01 
dog go up to where the ladders join, turning half around and formii 
an arch of his body, the other dog can go over the ladders, passii 
beneath the belly "of the "arch." This is a very trifling feat, but 
generally pleases an audience. 

TO STAND ON HIS HEAD, AND TO WALK ON HIS FOE 

LEGS. 

The term "standing on the head " is applied to a "wrong end ui 
position, though the animal is actually supported by his fore paws, 1 j 
head not necessarily touching the ground. To teach the trick, pij 
vide yourself with a switch twenty inches in length, and moderate! 
stout. This switch, held in the right hand, you place under the dot j 
belly, and while you raise up his hind quarters with it you place yol 
left hand on his head, to keep him from moving away and to make h I 
retain his reversed position. As the dog rises into position the switl 
should be gradually carried along until it supports his hind feet. Til 
is the process for the first few lessons, until the dog understands will 
is required; after that it is better merely to tap his ankles from in frcl 
with your switch, giving at the same time whatever order you ha 
accustomed him to in teaching the trick. He should eventually ta 
the position without any hint or help from the switch. 

When the preceding trick is thoroughly mastered, the walking p; 
maybe easily added. Taking your position a little in front of yc 
pupil, when he is in his upside down position, you encourage him 
come to you. At the same time you must keep your switch in ban: 
proximity to his toes, which you' tap lightly on any signs of his rel 
quishing his position. By-and-by he may be made to walk qtiifa 
distance. 

TO "SING." 

When a dog rowls in time we think it fair to call his perforata! 
" singing. " Dogs may be taught to do this— at least they have beei 
and it is reasonable to' presume it may be done again. In only one c; 
of this kind do we, know positively the mode of tuition, hut it was pru 
ably pretty much the same in all cases. This consisted in keeping 
dog without food until bis appetite was quite sharp. When food v 
shown him he naturally whined for it. Now, a dog may be made 
whine, howl or bark, if you'make any of those noises yourself; aim 
any dog will imitate you, and not only that, but the pitch and style! 

l-l 



loise he makes will be somewhat regulated by that made by you. The 
jungry dog is in prime mental condition for this exercise, and if 
rewarded when he hits pretty near upon the right degree of noise, he 
will learn to follow your tones quite accurately. If exercised in a 
regular scale, or in a simple tun;', he will by-and-by go through it 
without requiring your prompting, With sufficient accuracy to be 
recognized— if the hearers know beforehand what melody to expect. 

TO FEIGN DEATH. 

A dog may be placed on his back, or in almost any other posture, 
ind by speaking sharply to him, and threatening him with your fore- 
anger, you can prevent his changing his position. In this manner the 
;rick of feigning death is taught. If a special word of command be 
ised when placing him, he will learn to take the position on hearing 
;hat command. 

THE LUMP OF SUGAR TRICK. 

This consists in placing a lump of sugar on the dog's nose, and 
mving him toss it up and catch it in his mouth. It is not essential that 
;ugar should be used; any other dainty will do as well; indeed, a piece 
)f meat will answer better in teaching the trick. In teaching, hold 
four switch under the dog's chin, and tap him whenever he tries to 
ower his head to let the meat drop. If he does not, presently jerk his 
lead up, and so throw the morsel into the air. You should strike him 
under the chin a pretty smart rap to make him do so. When it leaves 
ais nose, there will be no instruction required to make him seize it 
promptly before it has a chance to reach the ground. Should it,how- 
ver, touch the ground, it is well to take it from him, aud make him 
toss it again. 

DOG STARS. 

In addition to those already mentioned there is another and more 
difficult class of tricks, that require not only greater intelligence in the 
dog, but also rare skill, patience and favorable circumstances combined 
on the part of the trainer. In fact, it is not so much a system of train- 
ing as a bringing up of the dog that we can hope to arrive at any 
degree of perfection in "the higher walks of the art." The following 
was the method pursued with niy dog "Sambo." I may add, that for 
intelligence and the execution of the most difficult feats, performed 
without previous training, but done simply by an actual understanding 
of the words spoken, Sambo has never been surpassed by any dog per- 
former I have ever heard or read of. Sambo was sent to me during 
my engagement as a stock actor in Philadelphia. He was a pup of 
three months old, as ugly and dumb-looking as one could wish. He 
was as clumsy as a cub bear, and bore very little resemblance to the 
noble animal he afterwards became. I intended sending Sambo to the 
country, but the ladies of the house begged he should remain over a 
day or so, as he was so "awful" homely as to excite admiration. 
Sambo's departure was delayed day after day, his admirers volun- 
teering to care for him. A kennel was fitted up "in 1 he yard, and Sambo 
became a fixture. During my absence from the house, affairs would 
moves monthly, but the moment I returned from the theatre Sambo 
would "raise Cain " to be admitted to my room, which seemed to poor 
Sambo the height of happiness. One night, when the entire household 
was wrapped in balmy sleep, the stillness was suddenly broken by a 
Slumping, banging noise, as though the fiends were let loose. Every- 
body was instantly on the alert. Visions of burglars and masked 
robbers Hashed through the boarders' minds as they listened for a 
repetition of the sound. Presently it came. Pang! bang!! bangl.'i 
My God ! we will be murdered in our beds. Pang ! hang !! is repeated, 
and everybody's hair stands on end. In a moment the noise is once 
more heard, followed by a loud bark. It is Sambo ! he has (aught (he 
robbers by the throat, for you can hear them scuffling on (he stairs. 

15 



By this time I am dressed and hurrying to the dog's assistance. Al 
once the mystery is explained. Sambo — now a big, powerful pup of 
five months — has pulled his kennel from its fastening, and finding 
the back door open has started up for my room, dragging his kennel 
after him. He had actually reached the top of the flight, where the 
kennel had wedged itself in the railing of the stair, and poor Sambo 
had barked for relief. "It's only Sam!" was passed through the 
house; and soon all gathered around in their various stages of undress. 
At the sight of Sambo fast to his kennel, and his kennel fast in the 
stairs, the odd appearance of the group gathered around, the time of 
night, rendered the scene so ludicrous that all joined in one roar of 
laughter. Poor Sambo looked on, wagging his tail as much as to say :j 
"Well, what are you going to do about it? " From this time Sambo 
was voted the use of my room, and ever afterwards became my most 
intimate companion. He followed me to rehearsal, attended me to the 
theatre in the evening, slept on my bed at night, and all my leisure! 
moments were devoted to explaining " Words" to him, of course, such 
as "go fetch it," "drop it," "bring it back," " lie down," etc. These 




^9o 



were soon disposed of; but in time were added such words as "my 
hat," "gloves," "shoes," "table," "handkerchief," "red," "white," 
"black," "up stairs," "down stairs," " run," "walk," andahundred 
other words, until I could actually talk to him, and knew lie under- 
stood my meaning— not only this, but my tone of voice, and very look, 
made an impression; and Sambo appeared to understand that his 
ability made him especially favored, and always obeyed with the 
greatest alacrity. Yet I have never struck him with a whip, nor does 
he know ..he meaning of a blow. This is one method of training, and 
the only v ay by which great results can be obtained. Where this is 
not pract'eal, the following method may be pursued, but only after the 
animal has been well advanced in his education. You will then com- 
mence ;>y teaching him the name of different articles. Let usfirsttake 
a ban ikerchief, and placing it upon the ground, order him to "bring 
the handkerchief," until the name is impressed on his memory. Now 
we will add a glove, and direct the dog to "bring the glove." Should he 
bring the handkerchief instead, we scold him: but should he bring the 
;/love,we reward him. When he has thoroughly learned to distinguish 

16 



these articles by name, a shoe may be added, and the same method of 
I teaching continued. One by one other articles may be added, until the 
number is sufficiently large to make the trick entertaining. When he 
l has been exercised in picking out on command the desired article from 
those placed on the ground, hide one of them, and calling the hidden 
'article by name, order him to bring it. If, after examining the objects 
ibefore him, he shows by his distressed look that he knows the article 
j required is not among the others, you may be assured he has thoroughly 
acquired his lesson. If he brings a wrong article, it is certain that 
either he is careless or not sufficiently drilled. > 

Difference of color comes next. Take, for example, a red, white or 
blue handkerchief, and placing it on the ground, direct the dog to 
bring it, calling it by color as well as by name. At first he will bring 
it because he knows what the word "handkerchief" means, and 
without giving consideration to the color ; but when you add a hand- 
kerchief of a different color, still ordering him to bring the former one, 
he will remember the new word and its application to the right hand- 
kerchief. Supposing you have commenced with the red one, and 
lhaving added the white, should he bring the white you say sternly, 
i"No! the red handkerchief! " making him replace the white and bring 
t j red. Now repeat the lesson, calling at will for first one and then 
I the other, until he makes no mistakes. Then add the blue handker- 
chief, and repeat the lesson. Gloves of various colors may then bo 
added one by one, in all cases naming the color as well as the article 
when directing him to bring it. The number of objects may be 
increased to whatever extent the patience of the trainer and the 
capacity of the pupil will admit of. 

After that it will be found convenient to teach him the names of 
the more common articles of furniture. Pointing to a table, you will 
say m him, ' ' Go to the table. " The motion of your hand will probably 
direct him to the designated spot ; and by repeating the lesson he will 
learn to associate the name "table" with that article. (? vrse 
<'"V,9.ir," "sofa," and other objects may be added as he prV^-i esses. 
iThen ne may be taught to distinguish between the meanings of such 
words as "on," "under," etc. This is done by emphasizing the 
prepositions, as "Put the glove on the chair," "Put the handkerchief 
under the table," etc.— in each case repeating the order until he obeys 
correctly. If all preceding lessons have been thorough, he will readily 
comprehend all of the order but the new part; and as his attention will 
only be required for that, he will soon learn it. Then the titles of 
individuals, as "lady," "gentleman," and "child," may be taught in 
the same manner, reproving his failures and rewarding his successful 
attempts. 

There is another method of accomplishing the same apparent 
result, by means of a trick by which a dog maybe made to spell words, 
tell the time of day, play cards, etc. It is practiced by the lowest grade 
of performers, who exhibit their dogs in beer gardens and the cheapest 
class of theatres. It is done by teaching the dog to "fetch" any 
object at a given signal. For instance, you place the articles in a row, 
then walk your dog up to them, and pointoutone, saying, "Fetchit." As 
soon as the dog seizes it, make a loud and distinct clap of your hands, 
and at the same time give one stamp of your foot, encouraging your 
dog. Let him carry the article a little distance; take it, and send him 
for another, following him and pointing as before, each time giving the 
same stamp of the foot. Repeat until all the articles are "fetched." 
Each time you give the lesson point from a longer distance. Check 
him if he takes the wrong one, and clap your hand and stamp the mo- 
ment he takes the right one ; and also pat the dog, that he may know 
you are pleased. After a number of lessons the dog will associate the 
stamp of the foot with the articles desired. 

The main thing is then accomplished. You must then drill your 
dog often and patiently for several weeks, when you gradually com- 
mence to lessen the signal. The clapping of the hands is altogether 
omitted, and the stamp of the foot slightly reduced every day, until 

17 



you merely move your foot. This will cause the dog to watch you, s 
that in the course of time he will detect a signal that is not observabl 
to an ordinary spectator. This trick may be varied, the exhibito 
always naming the article, so that many suppose the dog to reall 
understand what he is doing. For instance, you place the alphabet o 
figures, on large blocks. You ask the dog what time of day it is. Th 
dog goes slowly around till he comes to number one, at which you 
foot moves, and the dog fetches number one. You say, "What ! on 
o'clock ! You are wrong, my boy; " and the dog is sent and fetches th 
cipher, making ten. As that is the time, you say, " Oh, vou are right 
it is just ten o'clock," at which the gallery boy shouts with delight 
You ask the dog to spell " dog," "cat," " house," or in fact anythinj 
you wish, simply sending him to obey your signal. 

This manner of training, however, should be avoided as belonginj 
to the lowest form of trickery ; and it is only described to show tha 
there is cheating in all trades— even in Dog Training. 

THE DISEASES OF DOGS. 

It is said "an ounce of preventive is worth a pound of cure.' 
In regards to the diseases of the dog, it may be said, the ounce of pre 
ventative is worth a ton of cure, for it usually happens, ,'some indis 
cretion in his treatment produces a disease. 

Although every species of dog is more or less subject to certah 
affections peculiar to their race, it happens unfortunately that those 
breeds of the highest intellect, and the greatest value to man, an 
most liable to many troublesome and dangerous diseases. This is, nc 
doubt, owing to their domestication subjecting them to a mode of lift 
at variance with nature. Not a few, however, of their most fata 
maladies are the production of contagion, infection, and other causes, 
all exercising a tendency to disease— difficult to define, and sometimes 
impossible to avoid. 

Fortunately, science has discovered a close connection existing 
between the diseases of the canine and those of the human race. A 
little study, therefore, on the part of the physician, will render hin 
quite familiar with and competent to relieve the suffering of these 
our most faithful and grateful of companions, and at the same time 
create an interest in a study that cannot fail to be productive of pleas 
ure, as well as information. In England and many parts of Europe 
much attention has been given to this subject. Institutions conductet 
by gentlemen of science are established in many of the large cities 
in which sick dogs receive every attention, and are often snatched 
from the very jaws of death. Operations, the most difficult, are per 
formed with the greatest skill, and no trouble is considered too great 
to save the life and secure the services of a valued and faithful dog. 

Although New York has a similar establishment, and other eitie.< 
are already moving in the same direction, yet there are few persons 
upon whom we can depend in time of danger to our pets. That everj 
owner and lover of a dog may, to a great extent, be enabled to define 
and relieve his favorite from many of the most prevalent and promi- 
nent diseases is the object of this volume. 

With the exception of several drugs that will be hereafter named 
the amateur will find but few remedies useful for the cure of disease.' 
in the human race that might not be employed in the same or different 
ailments in the dog. Among the exceptions to this may be mentioned 
'Calomel," a medicine much abused in its administration to elogs 
although under some circumstances, a valuable and necessary agent 
great care is required, as a dose of three or four grains will often pro 
duce the most violent symptoms in the strongest dog ; yet it is given 
with impunity to mankind in eloses as large as twenty grains. 
" Strychnine," another medicine much used in the treatment of nerv 
ous affections, is particularly fatal to dogs, even in small quantities, a 
few grains sometimes producing death in a few minutes. 

18 



"Spirits of Turpentine," a remedy both simple and innocent in 
its operation upon the human economy, is a dangerous medicine for 
idogs, and will often, in very small quantities, prove fatal. _ 

i "Aloes" is also a medicine very peculiar in its effects, dogs being 
liable to bear great quantities of it, in fact, sufficient to produce death 
«f given to a strong man. In combating with the diseases ot ain- 
p,mals. acuteness of observation alone can direct us to the cause of suf- 
fering. We see that our dog is sick, he refuses his food, looks sullen, 
ibreathes heavy, he is no longer delighted with our attention, we can- 
jnot question him as to his feelings, or ask him to point out the particu- 
lar region of his suffering. We watch his motions, study his actions, 
land judge of his complaint from the general symptoms deduced from 
[close observations. Besides these external evidences the following 
Iguides will aid us in forming a correct opinion of the dog's indisposi- 
tion • first the pulse, which in healthy dogs, varies from one hundred, 
iin the larger breeds, to one hundred and twenty in the smaller and 
more excitable dog. The pulse may be felt by placing the hand im- 
mediately over the heart, or applying the finger to points in limb 
Iwhere the large arteries are prominent, as on the loside of the tore- 
iknee, or the thigh of the hind leg. Should the pulse, in a state ot 
rest, exceed the average in frequency, together with reddened eyes, 
jwarm nose and coated tongue, we know at once that lever is present; 
lit may be simple fever, or it may be sympathetic, dependent on some 
lorganic affection yet to be developed. In simple fever the tongue loses 
I its rose-color and becomes pale and coated, the gums and fauces par- 
ticipating in the change. If, however, the tongue be much furred, 
with a bright inflammatory appearance around the edges, with high 
arterial excitement and disgust of food, with general anxiety and 
craving for water in small but frequent quantities, inflammation ot the 
I stomach or bowels may be suspected. If, on the other hand, the 
i tongue remains brown and streaked, with less action of the pulse, 
variable appetite and little pain, derangement of the liver may be ap- 
prehended. If, in connection with any or all of the above symptoms, 
'the breathing be labored and painful, with a disposition to remain in 
the erect or sitting position, the lungs may be looked to as the seat of 
the disorder. Thus, by examining each and every individual symp- 
tom of disease, the intelligent person will soon be able to arrive, with 
tolerable certainty, at the cause of the disorder, and thus be competent 
to administer such remedies as will be most likely to afford relief. 

In the treatment of sick dogs, few are aware of the immense 
value and great necessity of kind and careful nursing of the patient ; 
too much stress cannot be laid upon this point. Let the dog be 
placed at once in a comfortable condition ; if he is accustomed to a 
chain and kennel, let him be brought at once into the kitchen if in 
cold weather, or a cool room in summer, arrange a box with straw or 
shavings in some quiet corner, speak kindly and encouragingly to the 
animal that he may know you are his friend and mean well. His 
look of gratitude will amply repay you, and his happiness at receiv- 
ing such attention will greatly aid in producing a healthy action. Do 
not be in haste to give your dog powerful drugs. If the disease is caused 
by disarrangement of the liver from over-feeding or lull habits, an 
emetic, followed by a gentle purge of castor oil, may be the first 
remedy If inflammation of the bowels is indicated the emetic may 
be omitted, and the oil alone given. Keep the dog perfectly quiet, 
paving particular attention to his diet, which should consist ot beef 
tea, cruel, and light, but nourishing food. If no abatement follows 
this treatment, and you value the animal, consult at once a veter- 
inary surgeon, or in his absence a regular physician, but by all means 
avoid that class known as "dog men," whose treatment, as a rule, 
consists in purging and vomiting the animal without regard to rhyme 
or reason. If it is a toy dog the chances are that attention to his iood 
alone' will effect a cure, as overfeeding is followed by a numerous 
train of diseases. Avoid washing or brushing during severe illness, 
as both are very injurious, not only exciting, but weakening the 

19 



patient Should the disease require a hot bath, do it as gently as poss 
ble and see that the dog is thoroughly dried, otherwise the aiiiim 
will become dulled, and the disease aggravated. Keep the bed ivi 
fectly clean; and, if necessary, use a little disinfectant, but by nl 
means attempt to exercise him, unless upon advice. Where certai 
remedies are required they must be given with regularity and a 
stated times ; much will depend upon this in combating disease. Se 
that the dog has an abundance of fresh, cold water ; be kind, and, abov 
all, exercise the utmost patience. ' 

HOW TO ADMINISTER MEDICINE. 
If it is a small dog simply grasp him by the muzzle with the lei 
hand covering his teeth with his upper lip, which will prevent the an 
mal from biting ; be firm, and as the dog opens his mouth quickl 
drop the pill or liquid past the roots of the tongue with the ri^h 
hand; keep the head elevated till you are satisfied it is swallowed a 
lowing the animal to close his mouth to assist in the operation One r>cd 
son is generally sufficient if judgement is exercised, otherwise a sec 
ond may assist to hold the medicine. Sometimes liquid may be give ' 




by making a pouch of the side of the face, between the cheek am 
teeth, and inserting the neck of a strong bottle containing the fluid! 
Lrive only a swallow at a time that the dog may not choke. In tin 
large dogs pills may be covered with tissue paper and inserted into s| 
piece of raw meat or liver, giving the dog an unprepared piece firsl 
to throw him oft Ins guard. Many of the tasteless medicines may be 
given in beef tea, etc. Do not prepare your medicine in sight of tht' 
(log, as he will become suspicious and perhaps resist. When all is ready,! 
give it as gently and quickly as possible, that the clog may not be 
milk" loun S puppies will readily ;take castor oil, etc., in theii 

RHEUMATISM. 

Dogs are very subject to this distressing complaint, yet if properh 
treated we rarely fail to cure, especially if taken early. It is ofteij 

20 



>roduced by damp kennels, suppressed perspiration, remaining wet 
tfter violent exercise, or it may be the result of mange improperly 
reated ; sometimes it is caused by overfeeding, or plethona; these and 
nany other causes will produce the disease. The attack may come 
>n rather sudden, the pulse becomes full, the joints swell, fever is 
pierally present, and a general disarrangement of the stomach. The 
)oor animal howls with pain, and all food is rejected. The dog should 
)e given a warm bath and well rubbed with strong liniment, keeping 
be'dog well wrapped up before the fire. Pay particular attention to the 
jowels. If costive, castor oil and a few drops of turpentine may bo 
Avon, also an ejection of warm water. If it is attended with diarrhoea, 
<inall doses of oil and magnesia will correct it gradually. It may be 
Icessary to continue the treatment and also give the following 
mixture : 

Iodide of potassium 2 scruples, 

Carbonate of ammonia 5 grains. 

Twice a day. 

PALSY. 

By palsy is meant a partial or complete loss of the powers of mo- 
tion or sensation in some portion of the muscular system. It usually 
attacks (he loins and hind legs, and is frequently, in old dogs, the re- 
sult of neglected or improperly treated rheumatism or "kennel lame- 
ness," and is often connected with inflammation of the intestines. If 
caused by rheumatism it may be treated as described under that 
head. It may also result from blows on the head or spinal column; 
in chronic cases blistering will be found useful, yet if the disease is 
complicated with other organic disorders the advice of an experi- 
enced surgeon will be necessary. In the meantime give a pill contain- 
ing one-sixth of a grain of strychnine twice a day after each meal, 
gradually increased to one-half a grain if the animal bears it well, 
hut should the muscles show symptoms of twitching lower the dose 
or discontinue altogether. Great caution is necessary in using tins 
medicine, and for a small dog give only half the dose or one-twelfth 
of a grain. 

CIIOKEA. 

A singular spasmodic, jerking action of the muscles. It some- 
times appears in one limb, and ofttimes pervades the entire system. It 
is a nervous affection similar to that known as St. Vitus' Dance. 

It is often the result of distemper or mange, but worms or a 
severe blow may produce it. If the case is neglected and the dog is in 
a debilitated state, this spasmodic action steals over the whole frame, 
and he lies extended with every limb in constant and spasmodic mo- 
tion ; this slowly destroys the animal and he dies a mere skeleton. 

The following treatment will be found of great value in the early 
stages. Give one-sixth of a grain of strychnine twice a day after 
feeding, also ateaspoonful of cod liver oil three times a day. If no im- 
provement takes place in a few days apply a blister to the back of the 
neck, composed of : 

Liquid ammonia, ) E . t 
Spirits camphor, S 

Remove the hair and apply with a sponge from five to fifteen min- 
utes. Do not repeat in same place. Give the strychnine either in tho 
form of a pill or mixed with water, which is to be preferred. Give the 
dog gentle exercise in the open air. For a small dog give only half 
the dose of strychnine, or one-twelfth of a grain. Remember, a dose of 
one grain of strychnine tcill kill a dog instantly. 

FITS. 

Any unusual excitement, sudden exposure to cold or wet, sup- 
pressing the natural secretions, sudden fear or exertion after feeding, 

21 



worms, etc., dogs overfed, or young dogs fed upon meat or durinj 
the period of teething, are all very liable to fits. It is therefore desira 
ble to avoid all such causes ; but when the fit has seized the dog h< 
must be kept perfectly quiet in a dark place, as it is almost impossible 
to administer drugs during the attack. As soon as practical, however 
use freely the following injection : 

Sulphuric ether 3 drachms, 

Laudanum f> scruples, 

Cold water 4'^ ounces. 

If the dog is seized with a fit in the street cover him at once witl 
a box or barrel, have him conveyed to your home at once, and do nol 
suppose a dog in a fit to be mad. A rabid dog never froths at the moutl] 
or falls in a fit. 

DISTEMPER. 

One of the most fatal, certainly the most prevalent disease tc 
which the canine race is subject; it usually attacks young dogs, but 
the animal is liable to it at auy period of his existence. It is particularly 
fatal in very young or very old dogs, doubtless from the 
want of that strength and vigor necessary to withstand 
the prostration consequent upon the disease. It is particu- 
larly destructive to high-bred dogs, while the cur seems little affected 
by it. It is highly contagious, and dogs affected should be carefully 
removed from those in a healthy state. It usually commences in the 
mucous membrane of the nose, and first shows itself in the form of a 
nasal catarrh, but the disease rapidly extends, bringing in its train a 
variety of symptoms and affections that at times defies the knowledge 
of the expert or the power of the remedies employed. 

To give an extended account of the many and varied ramifications 
exhibited by this disease would not only tend to confound the novice, 
but would be beyond the limits of this work, which is intended rather 
as a practical guide than a scientific treatise. To those who have the 
time and inclination, the large and truly valuable works of " Youatt," 
" Stonehenge," " Hill," etc., are recommended. The ordinary symp- 
toms of distemper are sudden loss of appetite, discharge from both nose 
and eyes, a dullness accompanied with fever, a husky cough, some- 
times considerable inflammation and dullness of the eye. The animal 
rapidly loses flesh, and the discharge from the nose will stick about 
the nostril, forming an obstruction to the dog's breathing. Should fits 
come on at this stage, the animal is almost certain to be lost, unless 
great judgement and care are exercised. 

We will now learn to understand the value of preventive meas- 
ures in regard to our favorites, for while the strong, healthy and active 
dog will nobly battle with his invisible foe, his overfed, plethoric, 
blood-poisoned brother will fail and droop and die before this deadly 
scourge of his race. 

As soon as there is reason to believe, that distemper has seized the 
animal he should be given at once the following emetic : 

Tatar emetic 1 grain. 

Calomel 1 grain, 

To be given in a little beef tea. 

Should there be constipation a dose of three drachms of the sul- 
phate of magnesia will be. useful. If there are indications of worms, 
they must be removed at once ; a drachm of finely powdered glass 
given in some butter is a valuable vermifuge, insomuch as it will not 
interfere with the action of the drugs. Pay great attention to instruc- 
tions in regard to good nursing as it is of more value than medicine. 
His food also must receive particular attention and should consist of 
beef tea thickened with arrow root or ground rice. Sometimes the 
dog refuses his food, in that case it must be given out of a bottle as de- 
scribed in the administration of fluid medicine upon page 20. The dog 
must be fed often and little at a time ; as he improves his food may be 
increased. In addition to the broth, meat rather undercooked may be 

22 



riven, or if must be, a little raw meat, finely chopped, will be of ser- 
vice. The quantities may be gradually increased as the dog regains 
lis health and strength. During the progress of the disease the fol- 
lowing tonics will be most advisable : 

Disulphate of quinine 3 scruples, 

Sulphate of iron 3 scruples, 

Extract of gentian 4 drachms, 

Extract of quassia 1 drachm. 

Mix into twenty pills, to be given one, three times a day. 
Avoid all violent purgatives such as aloes or large doses of calo- 
mel for nothing is so much to be dreaded in distemper as diarrhoea, it 
is usuallv the forerunner of death, and too great a care cannot be given 
to its prevention. Should the animal be costive, keep the bowels 
centlv open with small doses of castor oil mixture described on page 
31 Should the disease extend to the lungs, the blister described under 
the head of Chorea will be of service, especially if the animal shows 
symptoms of a fit which is to be carefully avoided. The following in- 
jection will be useful for either fits or diarrhoea : 

Sulphuric ether 1 ounce, 

Tincture of opium 4 seruples, 

Cold gruel 1 pint. 

Inject about an ounce every three hours. 

The above (except the gruel,) may be also given by the mouth, 
mixing with simple syrup, a spoonful every two hours. In regard to 
the presence of fits in distemper, especially in its advanced stages, 
thev are generally of an epileptic nature, and at times accompanied 
bv convulsive spasms of the muscles most difficult to overcome. 
Sometimes the dog is disposed to bite and gnaw everything within 
reach : he will tear up the ground with his teeth and feet, and will ex- 
hibit the utmost violence ; his mouth is smeared with mucus, and tne 
frequent champing of the jaw in his attempt to expel it gives him an 
appearance often confounded with the symptoms of canine madness. 
This is the height of folly, as fits are never present in rabid dogs, * or- 
tunatelv distemper is perfectly innoxious to man, not even the bite 
proving in any instance infectious, although sensitive persons, being 
bitten by a distempered dog, have suffered severe sickness from the 
effect of their imagination picturing the poor dog as a rabid animal. 

From what has been already said it will be seen that the Desu 
method to pursue in cases of distemper, is first to give an emetic, fol- 
lowed bv the magnesia or the castor oil mixture, keeping the dog as 
quiet and comfortable as possible, nursing him with such food as is 
recommended and administering the tonic pills every day, especially 
if the animal is weak and emaciated, in which case the blister already 
spoken of must be carefully avoided. This treatment, if applied at 
once, will generally effect a cure. Should, however, the disease con- 
tinue obstinate, it will, in most cases, assume the form of inflammation 
of the lungs, epilepsy, palsy, etc., all of which must be treated as de- 
scribed under their several heads. When the disease assumes a va- 
riety of symptoms the advice of a veterinary surgeon must be ob- 
tained, and the patient left entirely in his hands. 

CATARRH. 

The commencement of catarrh is very similar to distemper, hav- 
ing rather a greater secretion from the eyes and nose than that disease. 
It requires good nursing, and give : 

Spirits camphor 1 ounce, 

Ether nit 2 ounces, 

Spirits mindereri 4 ounces. 

Teaspoonful twice a day. 

If the dog is of full habit an emetic may be given first ; if the 
animal is costive give an injection, but avoid purging. Should tne 
disease assume the form of 

23 



INFLUENZA, 

Which may be known by the increased symptoms, the throat may be 
rubbed with liniment and the animal fed sparingly on nutritious food. 

PNEUMONIA OR « INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS." 
A complaint of frequent occurrence in the dog, and is easilv distin- 
guished. The extended head, tongue protruded, the painful lieaving 
of the hot breath, the anxious bloodshot eye, the obstinacy with which 
the poor animal will sit up hour after hour until his head droops, and he 
falls through extreme fatigue,are symptoms that cannot be mistaken. In 
the early stages give an emetic, and a blister applied to the chest will 
be of great service, also a purgative of castor oil. Cod liver oil may 
also be given— a spoonful three times a day— or the tonic of quinine, 
iron, etc., etc., mentioned in distemper, may be administered to aid in 
the recovery. 1 eed on light, nourishing food, and keep the animal 
from changes of the weather, which, as a rule, are the cause of the 
complaint. The disease is also intimately connected with 

PLEURISY, 

Which differs from pneumonia in being usually accompanied by 
slight colic pains and short expirations of much higher temperature. 
The treatment should be : 

Sweet spirits of nitre 2 ounces, 

Spirits mindereri 4 ounces! 

Tablespoonful every four hours, for a large dog. 

ASTHMA. 

tt-- ^ con g estiou of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes 
High fed, pampered pets are most subject to it, It may be known by 
the thick labored breathing, sometimes accompanied by spasmodic ac- 
tions. It is a disease that does not admit of a cure. Give the dog an 
emetic and keep him well down in flesh, which will give him relief. 

GOITRE. 

A swelling in the front part of the neck, or, more properly, an en- 
largement of the thyroid glands. It gradually increases, and, pressing 
upon the windpipe, interferes with respiration. Paint the parts with 
tincture of iodine, using a small brush, and give the dog a teaspoonful 
of mdonized cod liver oil twice a day. Tumors may also be treated in 
the same manner. 

ENTERITIS. 

An inflammation of the intestines, and a disease to which doo- s are very 
liable, as the intestines are peculiarly irritable and subject toinflaiuma- 
tory action This tendency is often much increased by the artificial 
life which the animal leads. Its prevailing cause, however, is expos- 
ure to cold, especially after severe exercise, or lying on cold or wet 
ground and stones. In this complaint the dog refuses. all food but 
drinks frequently ; his stomach is hot and tender, and painful to the 
touch. I he animal attempts to reach bis Hanks with his mouth, and 
his cries are frequent and piteous. The dog should be placed in a 
warm bath and his stomach gently rubbed until the pains abate, after 
which the castor oil mixture may be given in small quantities, assisted 
by mild injections, especially, if the animal is costive. Avoid by all 
means calomel or any irritating drugs. Feed light, nourishing food. 

COLIC. 

It very often happ* ns that foreign substances lodge in the stomach 
°1» a % producing this distressful complaint by irritation of the 
parts. Water dog: e^peciallj are bable, from the habit dl persons 

24 



throwing stones, sticks, etc., for the dog to fetch, which, in the ani- 
mal's eagerness, he is apt to swallow. It may also be caused by indi- 
gestable lood or exposure to cold, worms, etc.. A dose of castor oil 
mixture is proper, but if the case is very severe the injection of am- 
monia and laudanum will relieve the sufferer. 

PERITONITIS. 

A disease similar in its symptoms, is treated in the same manner. It 
is sometimes caused by external violence, kicks, cold or damp, etc. The 
following is also highly recommended : 

Opium 1 grain, 

Chloroform 5 drops. 

To be given in a teaspoonf u£ of water every four hours. 




DIARRHCEA. 

The consequence of overfeeding or improper food. Sometimes it is 

of very short duration, the health being unaffected and the disease 
disappearing without any bad effects. It may be advisable to wait a 
day or two before we check the discharge to enable nature to perform 
the cure. If the disease is of a mild nature the castor oil will suffice, 
but if violent, give : 

Opium 1 grain, 

Sulphate copper 5 grains. 

Give twice or three times a day. Keep the patient warm and 
clean. 

DYSENTERY. 

Similar to, but much more serious than diarrhoea, is dented with the 
samp remedies, to which may be added a linseed poulti< e applied to tim 
abdomen, and an injection, consisting of a tablespoonful of starch 
with ten drops of laudanum; repeat if necessary. 

25 



COSTIVENESS. 

Best corrected by a change of diet, giving sloppy food, boiled liver 
and plenty of exercise ; in severe cases any simple purge, together 
with injections, will relieve the dog. 

DROrSY. 

Seldom a primary disease, but is generally the consequence of some 
other affection, ami most usually of any inflammatory kind. It is accom- 
panied by weak pulse, paleness of the lips, tongue and gums, feeble- 
ness of the joints, and swelling of the lower limbs and abdomen at 
first. 

Foxglove 1 grain, 

Nitre 10 grains, 

Ginger 8 grains. 

May be given morning and night. Should this fail of relief, a 
grain of iodine (in the form of a pill) may be substituted, and a weak 
solution of iodine rubbed on the belly. If this does not succeed, a 
surgeon must be consulted. 

JAUNDICE. 

This disease is generally the forerunner of other and more serious 
disorders, such as inflammation of the liver or stomach. Its chief causes 
are over-fatigue, exhaustion in the water, the administration of over- 
doses of powerful drugs, or the improper treatment of diseases. It is 
sometimes accompanied by costiveness, followed by diarrhoea and 
vomiting, the pulse is quickened, fever is present, and a yellowness of 
the eye, caused by the overflow of bile into the system, sometimes giv- 
ing the dog a yellow cast, and affecting the urine to a great extent; 
the animal staggers and sometimes loses flesh with great rapidity ; he j 
refuses food but drinks immoderately ; great attention must be given 
to this disease. If diarrhoea is present, injections of starch and a few ' 
drops of laudanum must be given ; if there is pain in the region of the 
liver, a gentle rubbing will relieve. A mustard plaster placed upon 
the liver will be of great service. It may be followed by : 

Spirit nitrous ether 2 parts, 

Laudanum 1 part. 

Give teaspoonful twice a day. 

RETENTION OF THE URINE. 

Easily known by the attempt of the animal to avoid the urine which 
is usually discharged drop by drop. Sometimes a complete stoppage 
occurs, the belly becomes hot, swelled, and tender to the touch ; the dog 
becomes strangely irritable, shows great anxiety and trembling of the 
hind limbs. The" following remedy will be of value : 

Nitre 8 grains, 

Foxglove % giaiu, 

Ginger 3 grains. 

Mix with linseed meal and water, for a large dog, or less, accord- 
ing to size. 

WORMS. 

There are several species of worms that inhabit the intestines of 
the dog. They are occasionally confounded with each other, yet are 
essentially different in their effect as well as the situation which they 
occupy. There is a small thread-like worm, known as the ascarides. 
They are found principally in the rectum. They cause great itching 
and annoyance to the dog, causing him to drag his fundament along 
the ground. They sometimes appear in the stomach, and are difficult 
to get rid of. 

20 



There is also a larger worm, very common in young dogs, that 
often causes an irritation that ends in fits. They are a round, wiry 
worm, about three inches long, and pointed at both ends. They are 
known as the teres. 

Of the intestine worms, perhaps the most injurious is the ta>ma or 
tape worm, which chiefly frequents the small intestines, sometimes 
forming an obstruction that kills the dog. 

The presence of worms may be known by the voracious appetite, 
and the peculiar state of of the bowels, which is alternately costive and 
peculiarly loose and griping. The emaciated look, foetid breath, 
starting coat, and frequent fits, are all indications that cannot be mis- 
taken. There are a number of remedies for the expulsion of worms. 
Among the best may be mentioned santonine, three to five grains in a 
tablespoonful of castor oil. Areca nut, in powder, is also excellent, 
especially for tape worms, in doses of thirty to sixty grains. When the 
dog is in an otherwise healthy condition, a drachm of turpentine, 
well mixed with castor oil, is very effective, but should not be given 
where inflammation of the stomach is indicated. A thimbleful of 
finely powdered glass, or cowhedge well mixed with butter, is also a 
good vermifuge. All medicine should be administered when the dog 
is very hungry, and followed by a brisk purgative. Afterwards give 
the tonic pill before mentioned. 

FLEAS, LICE, Etc. 

These troublesome pests may be removed from small dogs by the 
common insect powder of the druggist, or by washing with carbolic or 
common soap, if a thick lather is made on the dog, and allowed to 
remain for a day; then wash off. 

FOR A LARGE DOG. 

Spirits of camphor 8 ounces, 

Turpentine 4 ounces, 

Carbolic acid 1 ounce. 

A short ounce, added to a full pint of warm water, and well rubbed 
into the skin of the dog, will be found effectual. 

MANGE. 

Mange is the result of unhealthy food and confined living. Sur- 
feited dogs, with little exercise, are favorable subjects, no less than 
those kept in filthy kennels. It is sometimes inherited, a mangy dog 
producing mangy puppies. 

There are several kinds of mange, known as the red, common and 
scabby mange. They all readily yield to treatment if taken in time, 
but, if neglected, mange is often verv obstinate; the skin breaks out in 
blotches, the dog becomes weak and emaciated, the belly hard and 
swollen, and death ensues. , 

Simple eruptions of the skin will often yield to a few doses of 
Epsom salts and a change of diet, which should be gradually effected, 
and consist of plenty of vegetables, and a meal or two of boiled liver. 
If the dog has been overfed, he must be reduced in flesh, and by all 
means given plenty of exercise. 

True mange, which is caused by a small insect burrowing under 
the skin, should, in addition to the ahove, be treated to the following 
ointment : 

Whale oil 8 ounces, 

Sulphur 8 ounces, 

Oil tar jounce, 

Blue ointment V* ounce. 

Well mixed. 

27 



The dog should he well washed with warm water and soap, and 
dried. The ointment must then he applied to the actual skin in the 
most thorough manner, getting well down to the roots of the hair; 
otherwise it will be labor in vain. Keep the bowels open by proper 
food, rather than purgatives, and give plenty of exercise. In three 
days wash the dog, and, if necessary, repeatthe operation, at the same 
tinie giving alterative medicine. The disease is highly contagions, and 
dogs affected should not mingle with healthy ones. For small dogs, 
kept in parlors, the following will be found a much more cleanly 
application : 

Balsam of Peru 1 ounce, 

Alcohol 4 ounces. 

Apply as before. 

In all diseases of this kind the kennel or bed must be disinfected, 
o the cure will be prolonged. 

BLOTCHES, OR RED MANGE. 

This disease is best treated by a lotion consisting of : 

Oxide zinc M ounce, 

Olive oil y 2 ounce, 

Tincture arnica 2 drachms, 

Rose water 7 ounces. 

Apply three or four times a day, rubbing the part as little as pos- 
sible. The parts may be also occasionally dusted with Hour. 

CANKER IN THE EAR. 

This is a very common complaint, especially with water dogs, the 
cold water driving the blood to the head, causing an inflammation of 
the lining of the ears. It may also be caused by blows on the head, or 
overfeeding, gross food, etc. The symptoms are a frequent shaking of 
the head, holding it on one side, or the dog trying to reach the ear 
with his paw. If neglected, the pain rapidly increases, and becomes 
very serious. The ear should be washed in warm water, and the fol- 
lowing lotion applied : 

Alum 15 grains, 

Vinegar 3 drachms, 

Water 3 ounces. 

It should be blood warm, and put well down in the ear two or three 
times a day. If ulceration has taken place, equal parts of tincture of 
myrrh and arnica may be used instead, and the ulcers touched with 
nitrate of silver. This, with attention to feeding, will effect a cure. 

CANKER IN THE MOUTH. 

Very painful if neglected. 

Alum 10 grains, 

Tincture myrrh \A drachm, 

Acetic acid l A drachm, 

Water G ounces. 

Gargle twice a day. 
Tartar on the teeth maybe removed as in the human subject, or by 
giving the clog a large bone after each meal. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE. 

In simple inflammation use the following wash : 

Sulphate, of zinc 25 grains, 

Water, slightly warm 2 pints. 

28 



Wash the eye well every morning, and if no improvement takes 
place, six grains of nitrate of silver in one ounce of water, dropped in 
the eye with a quill, will be of service. 

BABIES, OB IIYDBOPHOBIA. 

The most deadly, but, fortunately, the most rare of all the diseases 
to which the canine race is subject. That this most faithful and noble 
animal, our only perfect and truly devoted friend, who is the same in 
sickness or in health, in poverty or in wealth ; that, without hope of 
reward, would sacrifice his life for us, yet may, when seized witli this 
terrible disorder, inflict on us the most horrible of deaths, is a subject 
of profound solicitude. 

We have said the disease is rare ; in this country it is especially 
so. And while it is true that a person in whom the confirmed symp- 
toms of true rabies are developed may be said to be beyond the power 
of medicine, the following facts will somewhat lessen our apprehension. 

That the periodical cry of " Mad dog ! " is more the result of igno- 
rance and fright than reality. That the symptoms of rabies in a dog 
may be readily known long before the animal becomes dangerous or 
inclined to bite. They never get mad " all at once." 

That hydrophobia is impossible, unless the dog is actually rabid 
or laboring under the disease. 

That, of persons bitten by dogs known to be rabid, more than two- 
thirds escape, even without treatment. 

That the immediate application of caustic to the wound caused by 
the bite of a rabid animal is a ■position and absolute preventive of the 
disease. 

That hysteria and other spasmodic affections are often mistaken 
for hydrophobia, and the patient may die of fright— constituting the 
" hydrophobia " of the newspapers. In tins connection the following, 
mentioned by Fleming, will he of interest : 

" A woman, bitten by a dog known to be in good health, was met 
" two months afterward by a couple of students, who, by the way of a 
"joke, told her the dog was mad. She was soon after seized with con- 
"vulsions, and died in forty-eight hours." The celebrated Dr. Hunter 
says: "A gentleman who received a severe bite from a dog, soon 
"fancied the animal was mad. He felt a horror at the sight of liquids, 
"and was actually convulsed in attempting to swallow them. So 
" uncontrollable were his prepossessions, that Dr. Hunter conceived that 
"he would have died had not the dog which inflicted the wound been 
"found and brought into his room in perfect health. This soon re- 
" stored his mind to a state of tranquility; the sight of water no longer 
" affected him, and he quickly recovered. " 

The symptoms of rabies should be well studied by every owner of 
a dog, that all unnecessary alarm on the subject may be avoided. At 
first the animal laboring under the disease seeks solitude and obscurity ; 
he becomes dull, gloomy and irritable ; he will hide in unaccustomed 
places, but, finding no rest, is continually on the move. A dog suffer- 
ing from disease will exhibit similar signs of uneasiness, but we see the 
animal is impelled by pain, while in rabies the dog seems drawn by 
some invisible magnetism. Sometimes he will gaze'steadily at an im- 
aginary object, ending by either snapping at the supposed enemy or 
toppling over upon his head as if his limbs suddenly failed him. The 
spell is then broken, and the dog slinks at once from observation. At 
other times he will gather pieces of wood, straw, etc., working with 
the mysterious method of a somnambulist. He will eat the most filthy 
and revolting substances, and has occasionally fits of anger, yet show's 
no disposition to bite his friend. His mouth becomes filled with a gluey 
secretion, that gums his jaws together. He tries to extricate it with 
his paw, working in the most violent manner. These are infallible 
signs. There is a singular brightness of the eyes at first, but they soon 
change and become dull and wasted. The voice, also, will become 
completely altered, ami soon you will hear the "rabid howl," which 
will certainly end all doubts as to the disease. The dog elevates his 

29 



head, gives a short and distinct hark, and changes at once to a long and 
distinct howl, in a much higher key. Any dog may bark or howl, but 
only a rabid one will join both together. 

As soon as we are satisfied a dog is rabid, he should be at once 
destroyed, or at least given into the hands of a veterinary surgeon. If 
a person has been bitten, the wound must be at once well washed with 
warm water, and lunar caustic applied in the most thorough manner to 
the very inmost recesses of the wound. It should be done as soon as 
possible after the injury is received. If the wound is not deep, a red- 
hot iron may be used ; but it must be done with a firm hand, and the 
part well cauterized ; and by all means consult a surgeon as soon as 
possible. 

REMEDIES. 

1. Fever Powder. 

Calomel 1 grain, 

Nitre 5 grains, 

Foxglove 1 grain. 

Mix. Give twice a day as a pill. 

2. For a more active one : 

Nitre 1 drachm, 

Sweet spirits nitre 3 drachms, 

Spirits mindereri...- 1 ounce, 

Camphor water ...G% ounces, 

Mix. Give two tablespoonsfnl every six hours. 

8. Tonic. 

Disulphate of quinine 3 scruples, 

Sulphate of iron 3 scruples, 

Extract gentian 6 drachms, 

Extract quassia 2 drachms. 

Make twenty pills. Give three daily. 
Or give : 
4. 

Sulphate of quinine 3 grains, 

Extract hemlock 2 grains, 

Ginger x 2 grains. 

Mix. Give above dose twice a day. 
5. Alteratives. 

Iodide of potassium 4 grains, 

Liquid extract of sarsaparilla 1 drachm. 

Mix in a little water. Give twice a day. 
Or— 
6. 

Cod liver oil. 

Tablespoonful twice a day. 
7. Injection for St-asm or Colic. 

Laudanum 2 drachms, 

Sulphuric ether 2 drachms, 

Turpentine 2 drachms, 

Gruel 8 ounces. 

Inject with a syringe. 
Or- 
8. 

Turpentine }4 ounce, 

Castor oil 1 ounce, 

Laudanum 2 drachms, 

Gruel 1 pint. 

Inject as above. 

9. Strong Purgative Injection for Costiveness. 

Castor oil }A ounce, 

Turpentine 3 drachms, 

Common salt y 2 ounce, 

Gruel 8 ounces. 

Mix and inject, 

30 



Or- 
10. 

Warm soap and water will answer in light cases; 

11. Injections for Fits. 

Sulphuric ether .*'> drachms, 

Laudanum 6 scruples, 

Water (cold ) 4 ounces. 

Use freely. 

12. Cough Holts. 

Powdered ipecacuanha \)A grains, 

Powdered rhubarb 2 grains, 

Powdered opium l ' . grains, 

Compound squill pill 2 grains. 

Dose. Give morning and night. 

13. To Relieve Colic or Di-vrrhcsa. 

Laudanum 1 drachm, 

Sulphuric ether 1 drachm, 

Camphor water 1 ouuce. 

Dose, all or part. 
Or— 
14. 

Castor oil .1 tablespoonful, 

Laudanum 2 drachms. 

Dose. Give as above. 

15. Castor Oil Mixture. 

Castor oil 3 ounces, 

Sryup of buckthorn 2 ounces, 

• Syrup of white poppy 1 ounce. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. 
[Note.— Where buckthorn cannot be obtained, syrup of senna may 
be substituted.] 

16. Emetic. 

Tartar emetic 1 grain, 

Calomel 1 grain. 

To be given in beef tea. 
Or- 
17. 

Table salt 1 teaspoonfu', 

Mustard y 2 teaspoonful, 

Warm water y 2 pint. 

Give as a drench. 

[Note. — All doses mentioned in this work are on the basis of a 
thirty-pound dog. For smaller dogs give less in proportion.] 

BREEDING. 

A bitch should be at least eighteen months old, and two years is 
preferable, before she is allowed to breed. If possible it should take 
place in early spring, as puppies born at that season are most likely to 
thrive. The dog may be a little larger than the bitch, but the differ 
ence should not be too great. One complete connection with the male 
dog is sufficient, and should take place about the middle of the bitch's 
heat. She should then be secluded from the companionship of other 
dogs and kept perfectly quiet for a few weeks. As the time of partu- 
rition arrives the bitch should be fed on sloppy food and gently ex- 
ercised. A quiet secluded place should be provided for her to whelp. 
When the period of sixty-two days have passed, she should be well 
watched, and in case of difficult labor, a warm bath and a dose of cas- 
tor oil mixture may be given. However, give the bitch plenty of time 
and be sure your services are needed ; should there be great difficulty, 
a surgeon's assistance will be advisable. 

Not more than four or five puppies should be allowed to remain 
with the mother. If the breed is a valuable one you must obtain a 
foster-mother or rear the others by hand as you would a baby. 

31 



After a couple of weeks give the puppies some fresh cows' milk 
to relieve the mother from too great a strain. Five or six weeks at 
most is long enough to suckle the pups. After weaning, they must he 
fed on well boiled oat meal, and when cold add the milk, give it fresh 
and often—say at least three times a day ; let the whelps have clean 
beds,-sprinkle with turpentine to keep off fleas: give them plenty of 
room and plenty of grass. J 

At four months old, the first or milk teeth begin to drop out and the 
permanent ones appear, the change being completed by the six or 
seventh, and the mouth fully developed by the twelfth or thirteenth 
Dogs properly fed retain their teeth white and perfect for a number of 
years, whereas, those overfed or pampered, soon show a gradual decav 
and discolorment. J 

When a dog swallows a stone or any foreign substance, there ^ 
great danger of death ; feed largely and in half an hour give a stron 
emetic which may cause the substance to be returned. 

Culs, wounds, bruises, etc., may be bound up in any healing 
balsam. Warts may be removed by touching with caustic. 

SORE FEET. 
Wash and apply two grains of chloride of zinc and one ounce of 
water ; wrap the feet well with cloths and cover with leather. Long 
nails should be removed with a sharp pair of pincers or filed short. 
Sprains should be well rubbed with liniment. 

FOR PILES. 

Give castor oil and wash the parts well with cold water. See that 
the dog is well supplied with fresh water and fed regularly. See that his 
kennel is well bedded and kept clean, and not exposed to the hot sun, 
or cold wind or rain. If the dog is kept on chain, give him a few hours 
of liberty everyday. Never strike or kick a dog wantonlv or in anger. 
_ Never keep a dog that you don't want, give him to some one that 
wdl treat him kindly, or send him to the pound, for death is far prefer- 
able for a dog than to live upon sufferance. 

Never let children plague or abuse a dog. 

When you see a dog drop his tail at the sound of his master's 
voice, you may know the master is a brutal man. The unnatural prac- 
tice of maiming dogs, cropping, tailing, worming, etc., is not only in- 
human, but as generally performed, beastly in the extreme, and they 
who wish lor information on those subjects must seek it elsewhere. 




32 



I ^ S"STST:e:M: 



K 



DOG TRAINING 




a 



COMPLETE MEDICAL GUIDE, | 

WILLIAM E. STERLING. 3 



HE AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY, 

Publishers' Agents, 

NEW YORK, 

FOR SALE BY ALL NEWSDEALERS. 






